Mean temperature—2010–2025 · station interpolation
Mean temperature—1961–1990 · Data from EMY and ERA5 estimated
Annual precipitation—2010–2025 · station interpolation
Where the wind comes from
10 m wind · ERA5
Bar length = percentage of all valid hours. Colours = speed classes. Calm < 3.2 km/h; both roses use the same scale.
The rhythm of daylight
CalculationNOAA high precision calculations
Civil dawnSunriseSunsetCivil dusk
Civil twilight: Sun 6° below the horizon. Times assume an unobstructed horizon. Daylight duration is not measured sunshine duration. The solar year does not change the climate reference periods.
Daily solar times
About these estimations
Temperature: Elevation and geographic ridge regression, followed by inverse-distance interpolation, from station data.
Rainfall: Inverse-distance interpolation from station data.
Station Data:
2010–2025: Εθνικό Αστεροσκοπείο Αθηνών / Meteo.gr, Ελληνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία (ΕΜΥ), various other sources of trustworthy stations.
1961–1990: Ελληνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία (ΕΜΥ) and ERA5.
The 1961–1990 temperature estimate applies the ERA5 period difference to the 2010–2025 station interpolation. A fine grid is not a measurement at every point. Mountain exposure, urban effects and rainfall gradients can remain unresolved. Wind comes from the nearest supplied ERA5 grid point, whose coordinates and distance appear above.
Annual temperature and rainfall use the supplied annual station columns. Annual wind roses pool all valid hours. Land boundary: Natural Earth. Terrain: Mapzen Terrain Tiles / Skadi.
NOAA solar methodology · ERA5 wind convention
